Marigolds hold a special place in English culture and gardens With their bright, cheery blooms in shades of yellow, orange, red and gold, it’s easy to see why these plants are treasured But what exactly are marigolds, and why are they so popular in England? Let’s explore the history, meaning and many uses of marigolds in England.
A Brief History of Marigolds in England
Marigolds, which are botanically called Tagetes species, are from Central and South America. They were first brought to England and other parts of Europe in the 1600s. In the late 1500s, English herbalists John Gerard and William Turner wrote about marigolds and talked about how strong their smell and colors were.
By the 17th century, marigolds became a common sight in English cottage gardens. Their popularity grew due to their hardiness, vibrant blooms, and ability to deter pests. Marigolds were used both decoratively as well as medicinally for their various healing properties.
Today, marigolds continue to be prized additions to English gardens. From early summer to fall, they add color to gardens and make many gardeners think of old-fashioned cottage gardens full of happy, nostalgic flowers.
Popular Varieties Grown in England
Many varieties of marigolds thrive in England’s climate. Some of the most popular include:
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French marigolds: These small marigolds have lots of bright yellow, orange, mahogany, and rusty red flowers that can be single or double. They have a spicy fragrance.
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African marigolds – Taller in stature, these marigolds bloom prolifically in bold yellow and orange hues. They make excellent cut flowers.
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The small flowers of signet marigolds, which are also called gem marigolds, have a light lemon-citrus scent. They bloom earlier than other varieties.
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Calendula – Technically not a true marigold, these medicinal “pot marigolds” have edible golden blossoms.
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English marigolds – As the name suggests, these were bred specifically for English conditions. Sturdy, weather-resistant blooms.
Meanings and Symbolism
Marigolds hold special symbolic meaning in English traditions. Their bright golden color has associations with:
- Sunshine and summer
- Warmth, positivity and cheer
- Good luck, prosperity and fortune
- Creativity and imagination
- Joy, friendship and affection
Historically, marigolds were seen as flowers that could lift the spirits and promote well-being. It’s no wonder they feature prominently in celebrations like weddings and festivals.
Popular Uses of Marigolds in England
Ornamental Displays
With their continuous blooms, marigolds are hugely popular ornamental flowers in England. They are used abundantly in:
- Flower beds and borders
- Container plantings like window boxes
- Hanging baskets
- Garden pathways and patios
- Cut flower arrangements
Their bright hues and ability to bloom until frost make them staples in cottage gardens.
Celebrations and Festivals
Marigolds adorn many special events in England, including:
- Weddings and bridal bouquets – for good luck
- Churches and spiritual festivals – symbolizing renewal
- Harvest festivals – representing the bountiful harvest
- Day of the Dead/All Souls Day – marigold garlands and altar decorations
Herbal Remedies
Marigold flowers and leaves have a history of use in herbal medicine. They contain beneficial anti-inflammatory and antiseptic compounds. Traditional uses include:
- Soothing skin irritations, wounds, burns
- Treating headaches and fever
- Alleviating stomach and menstrual cramps
- Brewed as a calming tea or tincture
The pot marigold (calendula) is commonly used in salves, lotions and teas.
Culinary Uses
Though less common now, some varieties of marigold petals can add color and subtle flavor to foods like:
- Salads, rice, pasta and cheese dishes – petals add color
- Soups and stews – petals used as garnish
- Cakes, cookies and custards – petals used for decoration
- Herbal teas and drinks – petals infused in hot water
The mildly tangy, citrusy taste complements both savory and sweet recipes.
Pest Control
Marigolds are often called the “workhorse of pest control”. Chemicals in the flowers deter certain harmful garden insects like:
- Whiteflies, thrips and aphids
- Cabbage worms, beetles and maggots
- Nematodes in the soil
Inter-planting marigolds with veggies can protect crops naturally. The roots also repel harmful soil nematodes.
When and How to Plant Marigolds
Marigolds are easy to grow from seed or young plants in spring:
- Direct sow after all danger of frost has passed, around April-May
- Start indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost date, transplant after soil warms
- Plant in full sun (at least 6 hours daily)
- Well-drained soil, neutral to slightly acidic pH
- Space 6-12 inches apart depending on variety
- Deadhead spent blooms to encourage new flowers
- Harvest marigold flowers early in the day for the best color and flavor
With their cheery color, nostalgic charm, and versatility, it’s clear why marigolds have been English garden treasures for centuries. Their bright blossoms remind us to appreciate the sunshine even on cloudy days.
How to grow Calendula (pot marigolds)
Calendula seeds can be sown directly outdoors from March onwards, once the soil temperature reaches 18°C (65°F). You can start them off earlier indoors in February, in seed trays filled with moist seed compost. Put the tray on a sunny windowsill or in a greenhouse, and then cover it with a clear plastic bag. Leave it there until the seeds sprout. Prick out when big enough to handle and grow on ready for planting out in April. Outdoors, sow the seeds 0. 5cm deep, where they are to flower, and thin out to about 25cm (10in) apart.
Pot marigolds like a sunny position in the garden and well-drained soil. Planted around vegetable gardens, they will attract whitefly and aphids that would otherwise attack the vegetables. This brings in lacewings and ladybirds, which make short work of the pests. Bees also like the flowers. Make sure you pick types with open centers so the bees can easily find the nectar.
Which marigold is which?
The most complicated thing about marigolds is their name. Several different plants are called marigolds, so here are the three most common types and how to identify them.
- It’s also known as the pot marigold, calendula marigold, Scotch marigold, or English marigold. Pot marigolds have daisy-like flowers with long, narrow, oval petals. They typically grow to between 30-60cm (1-2ft) tall.
- Tagetes patula is sometimes called the French marigold, but it comes from Mexico. It takes about 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in) to grow a French marigold. Its petals are broad and square, and the edges are curled or frilled.
- This plant, Tagetes erecta, is also known as the African, Mexican, or Aztec marigold. It is native to South America and has round flowers that look like pompoms. 2m (4ft).
Why YOU Should Plant Marigolds. EVERYWHERE.
FAQ
What is a marigold in British slang?
In British English slang, a marigold is a rubber glove, especially a yellow or orange one used for washing dishes.
What are marigolds in the UK?
Calendula officinalis, also called the pot marigold, calendula marigold, Scotch marigold or English marigold. Pot marigolds have daisy-like flowers with long, narrow, oval petals. They typically grow to between 30-60cm (1-2ft) tall. Tagetes patula, called the French marigold, although it’s native to Mexico.
Does marigold mean pain and grief?
In the Victorian language of flowers, marigolds symbolized grief and pain. This symbolism reaches farther back in time, however. For the Aztecs, this plant was holy, and they used it to heal and because they thought the flower had magical and protective powers.
What is the English name for marigolds?
Botanical Name: Tagetes Marigold is the common English name for plants falling under the genus Tagetes. The genus includes both annual plants and perennial plants. Most species under this genus are herbaceous plants and are native to Southern Mexico.