Boston ferns and sword ferns are two of the most common ferns grown in farms and homes. With their graceful, arching fronds, it’s easy to see why. But what exactly is the difference between the two?.
Boston Fern Overview
This plant, Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Bostoniensis,’ is a type of the species Nephrolepis exaltata, which grows naturally in tropical areas around the world. The cultivar was found in a shipment to Boston in 1894 as a mutation of the sword fern. This is where the name “Boston fern” comes from. “.
Some key characteristics of the Boston fern
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Fronds (leaves) can reach up to 6 feet long They arch gracefully downwards
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The fronds are made up of many pinnae, which are small leaflets. The pinnae are typically 1-3 inches long.
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Thrives in warm, humid environments. Makes an excellent houseplant when humidity is provided.
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Tends to be a vigorous grower with a spreading, vining growth habit.
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Rarely or never produces spores. Relies mainly on division for propagation.
Sword Fern Overview
The Boston fern comes from the sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata), which is its parent species. It occurs naturally across much of the tropics worldwide. Some key differences:
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Fronds can reach 5 feet long. Also arch gracefully.
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The pinnae are larger, typically 3-8 inches long. More widely spaced along the rachis (stem).
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Growth habit is upright and vase-shaped rather than spreading/vining.
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Capable of reproducing via spores. Spore cases visible on the underside of mature fronds.
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Tends to prefer more shade and moisture compared to the Boston fern.
How to Distinguish Boston Ferns and Sword Ferns
Here are some tips for identifying between Boston ferns and sword ferns:
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Check the pinnae size. Boston fern pinnae are 1-3 inches long while sword fern pinnae are 3-8 inches.
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Look for spore cases on the underside of mature fronds. Boston ferns rarely produce spores but they are common on sword ferns.
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Examine the growth habit. Boston ferns have a vining, spreading habit while sword ferns grow in an upright, vase shape.
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Consider the environment. Sword ferns prefer more shade and moisture compared to Boston ferns.
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Check the bases of the fronds. Boston fern fronds emerge singularly while sword fern fronds often arise in clumps.
Caring for Boston Ferns vs Sword Ferns
Both Boston ferns and sword ferns require similar care as houseplants:
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Bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sun. Sword ferns prefer lower light than Boston ferns.
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High humidity. Mist frequently or use a humidifier.
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Moist soil. Allow to partially dry between waterings. Avoid soggy conditions.
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Warm temperatures between 65-80°F.
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Occasional fertilization during growth periods.
Boston ferns can tolerate slightly drier air and brighter light than sword ferns. Prune back dry fronds as needed to maintain an attractive appearance. Propagate by dividing crowded clumps.
While similar in appearance, Boston ferns and sword ferns can be distinguished by frond and pinnae size, growth habit, spore production, and preferred growing conditions. Both make excellent easy care houseplants with proper humidity, light, water, and temperatures provided. Observe the differences and pick the one that best suits your environment and tastes!
